Root Canal Treatment – A Complete Guide
Each tooth has a complex internal structure made up of three layers:
- Enamel (hard outer layer)
- Dentin (middle layer)
- Pulp (soft inner core with nerves and blood vessels)
If decay is limited to enamel or dentin, a filling is usually sufficient. When it reaches the pulp, it causes pain, infection, and sensitivity — requiring a Root Canal Treatment (RCT) to save the tooth.
What is Root Canal Treatment?
Root Canal Treatment (also known as endodontic therapy) treats an infected or inflamed pulp. Instead of removing the tooth, the procedure involves:
- Removing infected or dead pulp tissue
- Cleaning and disinfecting root canals
- Filling and sealing canals with a biocompatible material
- Restoring the tooth with a filling or crown
Performed by a specialist (endodontist), RCT may need multiple visits depending on the severity.
Why is Root Canal Treatment Necessary?
Signs that may indicate you need RCT:
- Severe toothache during chewing or pressure
- Lingering sensitivity to hot or cold
- Swelling or tenderness in nearby gums
- Tooth discoloration (nerve damage)
- Deep decay or trauma exposing the pulp
If untreated, infection can lead to abscess, bone loss, and tooth loss. RCT preserves your natural tooth and prevents complications.
What Happens if You Delay Treatment?
Delaying RCT may result in:
- Increased, persistent pain
- Abscess or pus formation
- Spread of infection to jawbone or nearby teeth
- Tooth loss
- Rarely, systemic infection
Early treatment helps protect long-term oral health.
Step-by-Step Root Canal Procedure
Diagnosis & X-ray
X-rays identify the extent of infection. Local anesthesia is used to numb the area.
Access & Cleaning
An opening is made to reach the pulp. Infected tissue is removed.
Shaping the Canals
Root canals are cleaned, disinfected, and shaped for filling.
Sealing the Canals
Canals are filled with Gutta-Percha to prevent reinfection.
Tooth Restoration
A filling is placed, often followed by a crown to protect and restore function.
Root Canal Treatment Cost in India
Cost depends on:
- Tooth location and complexity
- Infection severity or need for retreatment
- Endodontist’s experience
